Colon cancer with colovesical fistula: A report of four cases and a literature review.

Colon cancer with colovesical fistula (CVF) is a rare complication of colon cancer that possesses an extremely poor prognosis. Surgical treatment can improve the prognosis. The current study presents four cases of CVF, in which the first two cases were treated conservatively and the other two were treated surgically. The first case presented with intestinal obstruction for 3 days, and computed tomography (CT) was performed. The patient refused surgery and still exhibited lower abdominal pain 11 months later. The second case presented with urinary frequency and urgency that lasted for 2 days, and CT was performed. The patient refused surgery and died 2 months later. The third case presented with fecaluria that lasted for 1 month, and CT, endoscopy and one-stage palliative surgery were performed. The patient was lost to follow-up 5 months later. The fourth case presented with acute urinary tract symptoms for 4 months, and CT, endoscopy and one-stage radical surgery were performed. The patient remained disease-free 10 months later. The four cases reported in the present study not only represent excellent examples of the disease spectrum, but also act as a reminder of the possibility of detecting CVF at an early stage of the disease. The present study discusses the epidemiology of CVF, and presents the pattern of CVF in terms of signs, symptoms and imaging examinations, including CT, cystoscopy and colonoscopy, as well as treatment in the early stage of the disease.

Classification of bladder cancer based on immune cell infiltration and construction of a risk prediction model for prognosis. / åŸºäºŽå ç–«ç»†èƒžæµ¸æ¶¦è¯„åˆ†å®žçŽ°è†€èƒ±ç™Œåˆ†åž‹åŠé¢„åŽé£Žé™©è¯„ä¼°.

OBJECTIVES: To classify bladder cancer based on immune cell infiltration score and to construct a prognosis assessment model of patients with bladder cancer. METHODS: The transcriptome data and clinical data of breast cancer patients were obtained from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis was used to calculate the infiltration scores of 16 immune cells. The classification of breast cancer patients was achieved by unsupervised clustering, and the sensitivity of patients with different types to immunotherapy and chemotherapy was analyzed. The key modules significantly related to the infiltration of key immune cells were identified by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and the key genes in the modules were identified. A risk scoring model and a nomogram for prognosis assessment of bladder cancer patients were constructed and verified. RESULTS: B cells, mast cells, neutrophils, T helper cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were determined to be the key immune cells of bladder cancer. The patients were clustered into two groups (Cluster 1 ´ and Custer 2) based on immune cell infiltration scores. Compared with patients with Cluster 1 ´, patients with Cluster 2 were more likely to benefit from immunotherapy (P<0.05), and patients with Cluster 2 were more sensitive to Enbeaten, Docetaxel, Cyclopamine, and Akadixin (P<0.05). 35 genes related to key immune cells were screened out by WGCNA and 4 genes (GPR171, HOXB3, HOXB5 and HOXB6) related to the prognosis of bladder cancer were further screened by LASSO Cox regression. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of the bladder cancer prognosis risk scoring model based on these 4 genes to predict the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival of patients were 0.735, 0.765 and 0.799, respectively. The nomogram constructed by combining risk score and clinical parameters has high accuracy in predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival of bladder cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: According to the immune cell infiltration score, bladder cancer patients can be classified. Furthermore, bladder cancer prognosis risk scoring model and nomogram based on key immune cell-related genes have high accuracy in predicting the prognosis of bladder cancer patients.

Spontaneous renal rupture due to renal calculi: A case report and literature review.

Spontaneous renal parenchymal rupture is a rare clinical emergency. The formation of benign and malignant tumors is the most common underlying cause of spontaneous rupture of renal parenchyma. To the best of our knowledge, 15 cases of renal parenchymal rupture have been reported to date. This report describes a rare case of renal parenchyma rupture in the lower left kidney caused by kidney calculi. Furthermore, previously published cases and articles were reviewed. The patient underwent four extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy procedures within 2 years. The renal parenchyma rupture caused by the stones was successfully treated by removing the stones and repairing the kidney. However, a large hematoma was discovered around the lower pole of the left kidney, suggesting the possibility of a renal tumor. Therefore, radical nephrectomy was performed. Postoperative pathology revealed the lesion to be consistent with an intrarenal stone, where no malignancy, infection or vascular disease was observed. The present case highlights the requirement to also take into account the patient's clinical history in cases where imaging cannot completely identify the underlying cause of renal parenchymal rupture. Accurate identification of the underlying etiology of spontaneous renal rupture may determine the best treatment for the patient. The purpose of the present report is to facilitate the identification of the disease and reduce the rate of clinical misdiagnosis.

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor (Ibrutinib)-Suppressed Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have long been known in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Recently, BTK inhibitors have also become promising novel treatment reagents for prostate cancer. The current study was designed to investigate expression of BTK in prostate cancer tissues in comparison with benign hyperplasia and effect of BTK inhibitor on prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. METHODS: BTK expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry; migration and invasion prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3) were assessed by Transwell migration and wound-healing assay; cancer cell proliferation was assessed using MTT assay kit; expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) was assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS: Strong expression of BTK was detected in the prostate cancer tissues, especially in the tumors from prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. BTK inhibitor (Ibrutinib) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells as well as protein synthesis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by the tumor cells. Overexpressing BTK could partially but significantly block the inhibitory effect of Ibrutinib on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and protein synthesis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of the cancer cells. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that BTK could serve as not only a biomarker but also a therapeutic target for the prostate cancer and that Ibrutinib may be applied as a therapeutic drug for the prostate cancer.

Genetic polymorphism (rs6776158) in CaSR gene is associated with risk of nephrolithiasis in Chinese population.

The objective of this study is to find about the association between calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) genetic variants and susceptibility to nephrolithiasis in the Chinese Han population.This hospital-based case-control study included 319 nephrolithiasis cases and 378 healthy controls subjects. Two SNPs in CaSR were genotyped using the TaqMan assay.We found that subjects carrying the G allele of rs6776158 (AG and GG) had significantly higher risk of nephrolithiasis compared to the AA genotype (P = .015 and .009, respectively).Our results indicate that rs6776158 polymorphism that might elevate the risk of nephrolithiasis in the Chinese population.